Scholarship of Application Part 3 – Evaluation and Outcomes
What are those potential outcomes and how could they be measured?
The paper is to be written in APA (7th ed.) format, including a title page, appropriate use of headings to separate the main sections of the body of the paper, proper in-text citations, and a references page.
The draft needs to include, but is not limited to, the following elements:
• The purpose of the scholarly project, including providing an Aim Statement
• A description of the general approach to the problem (e.g. educational, advocacy, policy, simulation-practice, an intervention, equipment, technology, etc.)
• A description of a more specific application of the approach for this practice, population, and issue (e.g. a reading, an interactive video-class, a new policy, weekly huddles, a kiosk, change in practice process format or timing, a new device, changes in the practice environment, etc.)
• A description of who would be involved in the operationalization of the project (e.g. patients, providers, support staff, IT, the management team, etc.)
• What measure(s) will you use to evaluate the proposed project? (structure, process, outcome).
• Having identified the measure(s) that will be utilized to evaluate the project, what data can you utilize in the evaluation process?
• Provide a description of the process for measuring the effect (e.g., observation report, utilization of an anonymous survey, utilization of pre/post-implementation survey, chart review, etc.)
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Synthesis Matrix Chart part 1
| Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 | Source 4 | Source 5 | |
| APA Reference Citation | Knudsen, L., Hansen, D. L., Joensen, L. E., Wibaek, R., Benros, M. E., Jørgensen, M. E., & Andersen, G. S. (2022). Need for improved diabetes support among people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics: Results from a Danish cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10(1), e002366. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002366 | Aceves, B., Ruiz, M., Ingram, M., Denman, C., Garcia, D. O., Madhivanan, P., & Rosales, C. (2021). Mental health and diabetes self-management: assessing stakeholder perspectives from health centers in Northern Mexico. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06168-y | Thangiah, G., Johar, H., Ismail, R., Reininghaus, U., Bärnighausen, T., Thurairajasingam, S., Reidpath, D., & Su, T. T. (2022). Diabetes treatment and mental illness: A call for an integrated health care system in underserved semi-rural Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610015 | Kang, W. (2022). Investigating the association between diabetes and mental health: A train-and-test approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044714
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Busili, A., Kumar, K., Kudrna, L., & Busaily, I. (2024). The risk factors for mental health disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10(7), e28782–e28782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28782 |
| Purpose of the Study/Article | This study aims to examine the quality of diabetes care, self-management, support, and overall well-being in individuals with both psychiatric disorders and diabetes. It focuses on assessing the level of diabetes care and support received from healthcare professionals in psychiatric outpatient settings in Denmark. | This study aims to understand the mental health benefits of a diabetes self-management intervention in Northern Mexico. It assessed stakeholder perspectives to identify opportunities for improving diabetes care, especially regarding mental health integration and family involvement. | This study investigates the association between diabetes treatment and mental health outcomes, such as anxiety, depression, and stress, among patients in semi-rural Malaysia. It aims to highlight the importance of integrated care for managing both diabetes and mental health issues in underserved populations.
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This study investigates the association between diabetes and mental health, mainly focusing on social dysfunction, anhedonia, depression, and anxiety. The aim is to explore how these mental health dimensions differ between diabetes patients and non-diabetes participants using a train-and-test approach. | The article reviews the risk factors associated with mental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, in patients with type 2 diabetes. It synthesizes evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to assess the link between biological, psychological, and social factors with these mental health outcomes.
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| Is this a research study? If it is an experimental research design, list the independent and dependent variables. If research is not experimental design, what is the study design? If this source is not a research study, what type of literature is represented in the resource? | Yes, this is a cross-sectional study. It collected data from psychiatric outpatient clinics to evaluate diabetes care, support, and well-being among patients with psychiatric disorders. No specific independent or dependent variables were examined due to its non-experimental design. | Yes, it is a qualitative study utilizing interviews and focus groups to evaluate the effectiveness of the self-management intervention in four health centers in Mexico. | Yes, this is a cross-sectional study. Independent variables: diabetes treatment status (treated with controlled or uncontrolled blood glucose). Dependent variables: mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, stress). | Yes, it is an original research study using a cross-sectional design. Independent variables: diabetes diagnosis status. Dependent variables: mental health dimensions (social dysfunction, anhedonia, depression, anxiety). | Yes, this is an umbrella review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses. Independent variables: risk factors such as obesity, neuropathy, social support, and complications. Dependent variables: mental health disorders (depression, anxiety). |
| What level of evidence is represented in the resource? | Level IV represents a descriptive cross-sectional study focusing on patient characteristics, diabetes care indicators, and self-management behaviors. | Level VI represents qualitative research that involves understanding experiences and perceptions. | Level III evidence: A cross-sectional observational study based on collected data from a specific population in a semi-rural community in Malaysia. | Level III evidence: Cross-sectional study analyzing data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, focusing on a large representative sample to examine mental health differences between diabetes patients and controls. | Level II: High to suggestive evidence for the association of factors such as obesity, neuropathy, and social support with mental health disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes. |
| What are the findings/recommendations in this resource are relevant to your project? | Findings indicated high diabetes distress (51%), low well-being, and insufficient diabetes support. Integration of diabetes and psychiatric care is recommended to address these challenges, highlighting the need for improved diabetes management and support in psychiatric settings. | The study identified improved self-efficacy and social support as intervention benefits. It suggested more family involvement and enhanced mental health integration to make diabetes self-management programs more inclusive and effective. | The study found that patients treated for diabetes, regardless of blood glucose control status, showed elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. The results suggest the need for an integrated healthcare system that addresses both diabetes management and mental health. | The study found that diabetes patients experience worse general mental health, social dysfunction, and anhedonia, with higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to non-diabetic individuals. It recommends integrated care approaches to address diabetes management and mental health support. | The study found significant associations between mental health disorders and risk factors like obesity, neuropathy, and social support in patients with type 2 diabetes. It recommends targeting high-risk groups with interventions that address these factors to improve mental health outcomes. |
| How does this resource support your proposed DNP project? | The study underscores the importance of comprehensive diabetes support, emphasizing the need for integrated care approaches. This aligns with enhancing diabetes management practices, especially for individuals with complex health needs like psychiatric disorders. | The article emphasizes the need for mental health integration in diabetes care, highlighting family involvement’s role in improving self-management, which can inform strategies for enhancing patient support and care outcomes. | This resource supports the DNP project by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary care models, integrating mental health and diabetes care, especially in underserved communities, which aligns with the project’s focus on improving patient outcomes through comprehensive care strategies. | This study highlights the significant mental health challenges faced by diabetes patients. This aligns with the proposed project’s focus on improving patient outcomes through interdisciplinary care incorporating physical and mental health aspects, particularly in managing chronic conditions like diabetes. | This resource supports the project by emphasizing the need for integrated care models that address physical and mental health in managing chronic diseases like diabetes. It highlights the importance of recognizing high-risk patients for early interventions, which aligns to improve patient outcomes through interdisciplinary care. |
Synthesis Matrix Chart part 2
| Source 6 | Source 7 | Source 8 | Source 9 | Source 10 | |
| APA Reference Citation | Snoek, F. J. (2022). Mental health in diabetes care. Time to step up. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1039192 | Phillips, C. (2022). The United States perspective on community-based integrated care. Community-Based Integrated Care for Older Adults, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05137-1_2 | Sherifali, D. (2022). Technology-enabled collaborative care for type 2 diabetes and mental health: A protocol for a feasibility study. International Journal of Integrated Care, 22(S3), 450. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic22381 | Tuudah, E., Foye, U., Donetto, S., & Simpson, A. (2022). Non-pharmacological integrated interventions for adults targeting type 2 diabetes and mental health comorbidity: A mixed-methods systematic review. International Journal of Integrated Care, 22(0), 27. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5960 | Bickford, J., Tracy, D., & Yousif, M. (2023). Improving diabetes care: Findings from the first National Diabetes inpatient audit undertaken in a mental health setting. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0040 |
| Purpose of the Study/Article | Emphasizes the need for an integrated care model that includes mental health professionals in diabetes care, focusing on the importance of mental health for diabetes self-management. | Tests the effectiveness of the CIC-PDD, a community-based integrated care model for diabetes and depression, involving multi-disciplinary teams. | Explores the use of digital tools and technology (apps, telehealth) to integrate care for type 2 diabetes and mental health.
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Reviews non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., behavioral therapy, physical activity) for managing both diabetes and mental health. | Evaluates how integrating diabetes care into mental health services in the NHS affects both mental and physical health outcomes for patients with comorbidities. |
| Is this a research study? If it is an experimental research design, list the independent and dependent variables. If research is not experimental design, what is the study design? If this source is not a research study, what type of literature is represented in the resource? | No, this is a non-experimental review article that discusses strategies for integrating mental health into diabetes care. | Yes, it is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Independent variable: care model (CIC-PDD vs. standard care). Dependent variable: patient outcomes (diabetes control, depression symptoms). | No, it is an observational study that explores the impact of technology-based care on diabetes and mental health. | No, this is a systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions. | Yes, it is a pilot project study. Independent variable: integration of diabetes care into mental health services. Dependent variable: patient outcomes (diabetes management and mental health improvement). |
| What level of evidence is represented in the resource? | Level V (Non-experimental, review article). | Level II (Randomized Controlled Trial). | Level III (Observational study). | . Level I (Systematic review). | Level III (Pilot study with real-world implementation). |
| What are the findings/recommendations in this resource are relevant to your project? | The study recommends involving mental health professionals in diabetes care to support mental vitality, which is crucial for successful diabetes self-management. It also highlights digital interventions for psychological support. | Found that community-based, integrated care models like CIC-PDD improve both mental health and diabetes outcomes, particularly in underserved populations. | Technology-enabled care models improve both diabetes management and mental health outcomes, especially when tailored to patient needs via telehealth and mobile applications. | Non-pharmacological interventions, like lifestyle changes and therapy, improve mental health and diabetes outcomes. These are vital strategies for holistic care. | The integration of diabetes care into mental health services led to significant improvements in physical and mental health outcomes, demonstrating the value of holistic, patient-centered care. |
| How does this resource support your proposed DNP project? | Supports the integration of mental health care into diabetes management by highlighting the role of mental health professionals and digital tools, which align with your project’s focus on interdisciplinary care. | Validates the use of community-based integrated care models, which aligns with the project’s goal to improve diabetes and mental health outcomes through interdisciplinary care. | Demonstrates the effectiveness of technology in integrated care, offering insights into how digital tools can be implemented in your project for better patient engagement. | Reinforces the importance of including non-pharmacological interventions in your project, focusing on comprehensive care strategies for diabetes and mental health. | Demonstrates the success of integrating diabetes care into routine mental health services, supporting your project’s focus on interdisciplinary and integrated care models. |
References (Sources 1-5)
Aceves, B., Ruiz, M., Ingram, M., Denman, C., Garcia, D. O., Madhivanan, P., & Rosales, C. (2021). Mental health and diabetes self-management: assessing stakeholder perspectives from health centers in Northern Mexico. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06168-y
Busili, A., Kumar, K., Kudrna, L., & Busaily, I. (2024). The risk factors for mental health disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analysis. Heliyon, 10(7), e28782–e28782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28782
Kang, W. (2022). Investigating the association between diabetes and mental health: A train-and-test approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1044714
Knudsen, L., Hansen, D. L., Joensen, L. E., Wibaek, R., Benros, M. E., Jørgensen, M. E., & Andersen, G. S. (2022). Need for improved diabetes support among people with psychiatric disorders and diabetes treated in psychiatric outpatient clinics: Results from a Danish cross-sectional study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 10(1), e002366. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002366
Thangiah, G., Johar, H., Ismail, R., Reininghaus, U., Bärnighausen, T., Thurairajasingam, S., Reidpath, D., & Su, T. T. (2022). Diabetes treatment and mental illness: A call for an integrated health care system in underserved semi-rural Malaysia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10015. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610015
References (Sources 6-10)
Bickford, J., Tracy, D., & Yousif, M. (2023). Improving diabetes care: Findings from the first National Diabetes inpatient audit undertaken in a mental health setting. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjmh.2022.0040
Phillips, C. (2022). The United States perspective on community-based integrated care. Community-Based Integrated Care for Older Adults, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05137-1_2
Sherifali, D. (2022). Technology-enabled collaborative care for type 2 diabetes and mental health: A protocol for a feasibility study. International Journal of Integrated Care, 22(S3), 450. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic22381
Snoek, F. J. (2022). Mental health in diabetes care. Time to step up. Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and Healthcare, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcdhc.2022.1039192
Tuudah, E., Foye, U., Donetto, S., & Simpson, A. (2022). Non-pharmacological integrated interventions for adults targeting type 2 diabetes and mental health comorbidity: A mixed-methods systematic review. International Journal of Integrated Care, 22(0), 27. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5960