EPIDEMIOLOGY IN PUBLIC AND GLOBAL HEALTH

EPIDEMIOLOGY IN PUBLIC AND GLOBAL HEALTH

Course Resources:

 

Holtz, C. (2022). Global health care: Issues and policies (4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.

  • Chapter 4, “Global Perspectives on Economics and Healthcare Finance” (pp. 94-121)

 

Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2016). Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community, 9th Ed. by Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. Copyright 2015 by Elsevier Health Science Books. Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Health Science Books via the Copyright Clearance Center.

 

Levine, R. (2007). Case studies in global health: Millions saved. Jones & Bartlett.

  • Case 9, “Improving the Health of the Poor in Mexico” (pp. 65–72)

Walden University, LLC. (2010). Public and global health: Political, ethical, and economical influences on health [Video]. Walden University Canvas. https://waldenu.instructure.com

 

Bassett, M. (2015, November). Why your doctor should care about social justiceLinks to an external site.[Video]. TED conference. https://www.ted.com/talks/mary_bassett_why_your_doctor_should_care_about_social_justice

 

  • Holtz, C. (2022). Global health care: Issues and policies(4th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.
    • Chapter 11, “Infectious Diseases from a Global Perspective” (pp. 227-253)
    • Chapter 15, “Global Perspectives on Violence, Injury, and Occupational Health” (pp. 349-385)
    • Chapter 8, “Global Perspectives on Mental Health” (pp. 171-183)

 

 

 

 

Walden University, LLC. (2016). The role of the nurse in public and global health with Dr. Letitia Robinson [Video]. Walden University Canvas. https://waldenu.instructure.com

 

  • Manchanda, R. (2014). What makes us get sick? Look upstreamLinks to an external site.[Video]. TED conferences https://www.ted.com/talks/rishi_manchanda_what_makes_us_get_sick_look_upstream
    Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 18 minutes.

    Rishi Manchanda suggests physicians and health care workers look upstream to discover the root causes of why patients are sick,

 

 

 

 

 

 

Title of the Paper in Full Goes Here

Student Name Here

Program Name or Degree Name, Walden University

Course Number, Section, and Title

(Example: NURS 0000 Section 01, Title of Course)

Instructor Name

Month, Day, Year

(enter the date submitted to instructor)

 

ORDER A CUSTOM-WRITTEN PAPER HERE

Title of the Paper

This is your introductory paragraph designed to inform the reader of what you will cover in the paper. (BSN Students – Carefully follow your course-specific Grading Rubric concerning the content that is required for your assignment and the Academic Writing Expectations [AWE] level of your course.) This template’s formatting—Times New Roman 12-point font (other options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, and Georgia 11), double spacing, 1” margins, 1/2” indentations beginning of each paragraph, page numbers, and page breaks—is set for you, and you do not need to change it. Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Paragraph, and make sure settings are all set to “0”). The ideas in this paper should be in your own words and supported by credible outside evidence. Cite the author, year of publication, and page number, if necessary, per APA. The introductory paragraph should receive no specific heading because the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. Build this paragraph with the following elements:

  1. Briefly detail what has been said or done regarding the topic.
  2. Explain the problem with what has been said or done.
  3. Create a purpose statement (also commonly referred to as a thesis statement) as the last sentence of this paragraph: “The purpose of this paper is to describe…”.

Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

This text will be the beginning of the body of the paper. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so the reader can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence, or topic sentence, in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph addresses only one topic. When you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Avoid long paragraphs that are more than three-fourths of a page. Per our program recommendations, each paragraph should be at least 3-4 sentences in length and contain a topic sentence, evidence, analysis, and a conclusion or lead out sentence. See the MEAL plan (Main idea, Evidence, Analysis, and Lead out) in the Writing Center. In your paragraphs, synthesize your resources/readings into your own words and avoid using direct quotations. In the rare instances you do use a direct quotation of a historical nature from a source, the page or paragraph numbers are also included in the citation. For example, Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as “a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress” (p. 2). When you transition to a new idea, you should begin a new paragraph.

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related to or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas.

Be sure to credit your source(s) in your paper using APA style. The APA Manual 7th edition and the Walden Writing Center are your best citation resources. Writing Center resources are available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations. You must appropriately and correctly cite all works used in your document.

The following paragraph provides examples of in-text citation examples. According to Leplante (2019), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work. Or you might write and cite in this manner: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work (Leplante, 2019). When paraphrasing, the author name and year of publication in citations is required by APA to direct the reader to a specific source in the reference list. Personal communications are not listed in the reference page but are noted in text as (S. Wall, personal communication, May 24, 2019). This should immediately follow the content of the interview. Also, go to

Another Level 1 Heading (Name According to the Grading Rubric Required Content)

APA can seem difficult to master, but following the general rules becomes easier with use. The Writing Center also offers numerous APA resources on its website and can answer your questions via email. Prior to submitting your paper for grading, submit your draft to SafeAssign Drafts found in the left column of your course.

And so forth until the conclusion….

Conclusion

The conclusion section should recap the major points of your paper. Do not introduce new ideas in this paragraph; the conclusion should interpret what you have written and what it means in the bigger picture.

 

 

References

Please note that the following references are intended as examples only. List your own references in alphabetical order. Also, these illustrate different types of references; you are responsible for any citations not included in this list. In your paper, be sure every reference entry matches a citation, and every citation refers to an item in the reference list.

Journal Article; Two Authors; DOI

Leplante, J. P. & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27(4), 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554

Journal Article, Two Authors; URL

Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (20007). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal, 77(6), 66–71. http://archives.cpajournal.com/2007/607/essentials/p58.htm

Journal Article, More Than Twenty Authors; DOI

Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/xxx/xxxxxx

Book; One Author

Weinstein, J. A. (2019). Social change (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

 

 

Book; Chapter in an Edited Book

Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.

Professional Organization Web page

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Back to school.  https://www.cdc.gov/features/teens-back-to-school/index.html

Professional Organization Book

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.).

Two or more works by same author in the same year

Wall, S. (2018a). Effects of friendship on children’s behavior. Journal of Social Psychology, 4(1), 101–105.

Wall, S. (2018b). Trials of parenting adolescents with deviant behaviors. Journal of Child Psychology, 4(12), 161–167.

Government Article

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Lecture Notes

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)

 

 

Video

Walden University. (2009). Title of video here [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

Television (Audio)

Important, I. M. (Producer). (1990, November 1). The nightly news hour [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.

APA Resources

You have other several options to assist you in the formulation of your reference page.

  • Your American Psychological Association (APA) Manual is your best reference resource. Use the current edition with a copyright date of 2020.
  • The Walden Writing Center also a great place for referencing advice at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references.
  • Citation and reference examples are provided in the ‘BSN TOP Ten References and Citations” handout found in the Writing Resources tab of the course. This document covers the 10 most commonly used reference and citation formats. You are responsible for looking up any that are not included on this list.

BSN Program TOP TEN Citations and References

All students are expected to master the following citations and references once they are practicing at the Academic Writing Expectations (AWE) Level 4000.  Examples are provided in this document.  Please use this document as your guide in all your BSN program courses. Consider printing it out and placing near your computer work area. Practice makes perfect!

  • Journal Article; One to Three Authors; DOI or URL
  • Journal Article; Seven or More Authors; DOI or URL
  • Book; One or more Authors
  • Book; Chapter in an Edited Book
  • Professional Organization; Article from Web Page and Book
  • Government; Article from Web Page
  • Lecture Notes
  • Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)
  • Video/DVD
  • Newspaper Article / Television Audio

 

*Note: Students are responsible to learn other types of citations and references in preparation for the AWE Capstone Level.

 

 

APA Citation Examples

 

Here is the hyperlink to the Writing

Center’s citation area:

 

http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/citations/intextparenthetical

 APA Reference Examples

 

Here is the link to the Writing Center’s reference area:

 

http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/apa/references
 

 

In the Sentence: According to Leplante and Nolin (2014), employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work.

Parenthetically: Employers cause burnout when employees are stressed by too much work

(Leplante & Nolin, 2014).

 

For quotations of a source, the page or paragraph numbers is also included parenthetically:

 

Quote: Leplante and Nolin (2014) described burnout as “a negative affective response occurring as result of chronic work stress” (p. 2).

 

 

 

 

 

 

With three or more authors, cite only the first author’s last name and et al. (Rasmussen et al., 2020).

 

 Journal Article; One Author; DOI

 

Laplante, J. P., & Nolin, C. (2014). Consultas and socially responsible investing in Guatemala: A case study examining Maya perspectives on the Indigenous right to free, prior, and informed consent. Society & Natural Resources, 27, 231–248. https//doi/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554 

 

Journal Article, Two Authors; URL

 

Eaton, T. V., & Akers, M. D. (2020). Whistleblowing and good governance. CPA Journal, 77(6), 66–71. http://www.cpajournal.com/

 

Journal Article, Three Authors; URL

 

Rasmussen, V. P, Hopkins, H. R., & Fitzpatrick, T. T. (2020). Systematic review. CPU Journal, 6(9), 44–51. http/www.cpujournal.com/
Using et al.

Regardless of the medium of the source, all sources with three authors or more are now attributed using the name of the first author followed by “et al.”  Each subsequent mention you will abbreviate to just the first surname followed by et al. For example, the first time and subsequent times cite like the following.

 

Miller et al. (2020) addressed self-esteem in their article.

 

OR

 

Another example includes citing this way (Miller et al., 2018).

 

 Journal Article, For More than Twenty Authors; DOI

 

Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018). There’s more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190–1204.  https://doi/10.1080/08941920.2013.861554  

 
In the book by Weinstein (2019), social change is described as empowering people to change the world; or, Social change is described as empowering people to change the world (Weinstein, 2010).

 

 Book; One Author

 

Weinstein, J. A. (2019). Social change (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
When citing a chapter in a book, cite the appropriate author and year as usual (Christensen, 2020).

 

 Book; Chapter in an Edited Book

 

Christensen, L. (2020). For my people: Celebrating community through poetry. In B. Bigelow, B. Harvey, S. Karp, & L. Miller (Eds.), Rethinking our classrooms: Teaching for equity and justice (Vol. 2; pp. 16–17). Rethinking Schools.
First In-text Citation:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2020) encouraged increased physical activity in the community.

OR
Increased physical activity needs to be encouraged in the community (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020).

 

Subsequent In-text Citations:

The CDC (2019) stated that physical activity needs to be increased in the community.

OR
Physical activity needs to be increased in the community (CDC, 2019).

 Professional Organization Article

 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Nutrition. http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/

 

Professional Organization Webpage

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). The CDC guide to strategies to increase physical activity in the community. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/downloads/PA_2011_WEB.pdf
First In-text Citation:

The American Nurses Association (ANA, 2010) encourages that nurses follow scope and standards of practice.

OR
Nurses are encouraged to follow scope and standards of practice (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2010).

 

Subsequent In-text Citations:

The ANA (2010) encouraged that nurses follow scope and standards of practice.

OR
Nurses are encouraged to follow scope and standards of practice (ANA, 2010).

 Professional Organization Book

 

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.).
First In-text Citation:

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH, 1990) urged nurses to be trained in mental health services.

OR
Nurses are urged to be trained in mental health services (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1990).

 

Subsequent In-text Citations:

The NIMH (2010) urged nurses to be trained in mental health services.

            OR
Nurses are urged to be trained in mental health services (NIMH, 2010).

 Government Article from Web Page

 

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.

 
Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author,

cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the

first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and

reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles, chapters, and webpages are in quotation marks. If there is not an author, cite the title of the lecture. (“Health Effects of Exposure to Forest Fires,” 2019).

 

 Lecture Notes

 

Health effects of exposure to forest fires [Lecture notes]. (2019). Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

 
P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2019).

OR

Issues and Trends is a wonderful course (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2020).

 Personal Communication (Only Goes in Body of Paper and not in References)

 
If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style.

Walden University (2009) explained… OR

The Nursing School at Walden has much to offer students (Walden University, 2009)

 

 Video

Walden University. (2009). Title of video here [Video]. Walden University Blackboard. https://class.waldenu.edu

 
Important (2020) stated that Walden University provides quality online education. OR

Walden University provides quality online education (Important, 2020).

 Television (Audio)

 

Important, I. M. (Producer). (2020,                November 1). The nightly news hour [TV series episode]. Central Broadcasting Service.