Psychopathology

Respond to this discussion post. Do not argue. Just add points to either agree or disagree to the already made points. Do not repeat what is already said. 1 page is good. Learning materials and instructions for the discussion is below the discussion. 

DISCUSSION POST.
Biological (Genetic & Neuroscientific) Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology   Biological factors greatly influence the development of psychopathology. One main biological factor is the role of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are used in chemical intraneuronal communication. Neurotransmitters influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Another biological factor is the role of genetics. Genetic factors have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia, alcoholism, anxiety disorder, and attention deficit disorder (Nicol & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 2010). For example, patients who have first-degree relatives that have schizophrenia are three times more likely to develop schizophrenia. Another example of how biological factors influences psychopathology is neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism. There is clear evidence that the biology of the brain has alterations in specific cellular and molecular neurodevelopmental pathway that cause this disorder (Sadock et al., 2015).  Psychological, Social, Cultural & Interpersonal Factors that Influence the Development of Psychopathology   According to Dr. Kalin, (2020), during early life development, environmental influences affect rapid brain development that can change behavioral, emotional, and cognitive abilities.

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For example, when individuals are exposed to adversity and trauma, they are at greater risk of developing a form of psychopathology (Kalin, 2020). Social, cultural, and interpersonal factors can influence the development of psychopathology. Studies have shown that certain psychopathology surrounds a certain gender, sexual orientation, and migration process because there is an increase in vulnerability and are often exposed to higher psychological distress (Moleiro, 2018). For example, when individuals face socio-economic adversities such as poverty, they have low life satisfaction leading to the onset of psychopathology. Another social or interpersonal influence that aids in the development of psychopathology is negative peer interactions. Bullying and harassment from peers increase an individual’s risk of drug use, behavioral and mental health problems.  Conclusion   In conclusion, the development of psychopathology is a product of complex neurobiological processes that are influenced by a wide variety of biological factors, physical and social environmental factors, and psychological factors. From brain development to sleep and nutrition, all factors of an individual’s life can change the way an individual thinks, feels, and behaves. As a nurse practitioner,

it’s important to understand how all these factors shape an individual’s development so that treatment can be individually tailored.       References  Kalin, N. H. (2020). Early-life environmental factors impacting the development of  psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19111181  Moleiro, C. (2018). Culture and psychopathology: new perspectives on research, practice, and  clinical training in a globalized world. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00366  Nicol, S. E., & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (2010). Genetic factors in psychopathology. Handbook  of Prevention, 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5044-6_2  Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Kapla